{"id":2977,"date":"2025-03-15T09:58:25","date_gmt":"2025-03-15T02:58:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kituaz.com\/blog\/hiv-la-gi\/"},"modified":"2025-03-15T10:00:32","modified_gmt":"2025-03-15T03:00:32","slug":"hiv-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kituaz.com\/blog\/hiv-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"HIV l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i virus g\u00e2y ra b\u1ec7nh AIDS (H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch suy gi\u1ea3m) trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddKhi m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i virus HIV, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb suy y\u1ebfu, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 HIV, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1ch l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m, tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2>1. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 HIV<\/h2>\n<p>HIV l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i virus thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd Retroviridae, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddVirus n\u00e0y t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o CD4, g\u00e2y suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. HIV c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 HIV-1 v\u00e0 HIV-2, trong \u0111\u00f3 HIV-1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra HIV<\/h2>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra HIV l\u00e0 qua ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m virus HC\u00e1c c\u00e1ch l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p bao g\u1ed3m quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung kim ti\u00eam, dao c\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n, v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb m\u1eb9 sang con trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh mang thai, sinh n\u1edf v\u00e0 cho con b\u00fa.<\/p>\n<h2>3. C\u00e1ch l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV<\/h2>\n<p>HIV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m qua c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5m HIV, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n: Quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao cao su ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HC\u1ea3 quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c nam-nam v\u00e0 nam-n\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m H- S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung kim ti\u00eam, dao c\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung kim ti\u00eam, dao c\u1ea1o khi ti\u00eam ch\u00edch ma t\u00fay, ti\u00eam m\u1ee1, ho\u1eb7c x\u0103m h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV n\u1ebfu kim ti\u00eam kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb m\u1eb9 sang con: M\u1eb9 nhi\u1ec5m HIV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n virus cho con trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh mang thai, sinh n\u1edf, ho\u1eb7c cho con b\u00fa. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng retrovirus v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb m\u1eb9 sang con.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a HIV<\/h2>\n<p>Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a HIV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u1ed1t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u vi\u00eam nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh, vi\u00eam m\u0169i, vi\u00eam h\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, suy gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ea5t c\u00e2n, gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n<li>Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng da, n\u1ed5i m\u1ec1 \u0111ay, l\u1edf lo\u00e9t.<\/li>\n<li>Nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, g\u00e2y ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y, bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n v\u00e0 n\u00f4n m\u1eeda.<\/li>\n<li>Nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, g\u00e2y ho, khan ti\u1ebfng, kh\u00f3 th\u1edf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>FAQ v\u1ec1 HIV<\/h2>\n<h3>HIV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n nay, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi HIV ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng retrovirus v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a virus v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m H<\/p>\n<h3>L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh HIV?<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh HIV, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao cao su: Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao cao su khi quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m H- Ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HIV: Ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HIV \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh H- S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kim ti\u00eam, dao c\u1ea1o an to\u00e0n: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kim ti\u00eam, dao c\u1ea1o, n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m H- Gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro nhi\u1ec5m HIV trong quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c: Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao cao su, tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c nguy c\u01a1 cao nh\u01b0 quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n, quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh nam v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m H<br \/>\n<h3>\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb HIV?<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb HIV, b\u1ec7nh t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh AIDS, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 suy y\u1ebfu ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb AIDS s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt nguy hi\u1ec3m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eed vong.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb HIV n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3?<\/h3>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb HIV th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng retrovirus. Thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a virus trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m H\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb HIV c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129 chuy\u00ean khoa nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba HIV<\/h2>\n<h3>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao cao su v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00e1nh thai an to\u00e0n<\/h3>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao cao su l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV trong quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u00e1nh thai an to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eadt, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gel ch\u1ed1ng vi khu\u1ea9n c\u0169ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m H<\/p>\n<h3>Ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HIV<\/h3>\n<p>Ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HIV \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi HVi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HIV \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec5m HIV ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<h3>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kim ti\u00eam, dao c\u1ea1o an to\u00e0n<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kim ti\u00eam, dao c\u1ea1o, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kim ti\u00eam, dao c\u1ea1o an to\u00e0n gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00e1u.<\/p>\n<h3>Gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro nhi\u1ec5m HIV trong quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c<\/h3>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao cao su, gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro nhi\u1ec5m HIV trong quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c nguy c\u01a1 cao nh\u01b0 quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n, quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh nam v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m H<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>HIV l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i virus g\u00e2y ra b\u1ec7nh AIDS v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m qua quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung kim ti\u00eam, dao c\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb m\u1eb9 sang con. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba HIV l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao cao su, ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kim ti\u00eam, dao c\u1ea1o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro trong quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh. C\u00f9ng nhau chung tay ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng HIV\/AIDS v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ec7nh HIV\/AIDS.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-right kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;right&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;2977&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;HIV l\u00e0 g\u00ec?&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} 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