{"id":4346,"date":"2025-07-20T20:34:10","date_gmt":"2025-07-20T13:34:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kituaz.com\/blog\/co-phieu-la-gi\/"},"modified":"2025-07-20T20:46:18","modified_gmt":"2025-07-20T13:46:18","slug":"co-phieu-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kituaz.com\/blog\/co-phieu-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 g\u00ec: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/example.com\/stock-market.jpg\" alt=\"stock market\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a KituAZ Blog! Trong chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c chia s\u1ebb h\u00f4m nay, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n. C\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u00f4ng minh. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u!<\/p>\n<h2>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu<\/h2>\n<h3>A. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu. C\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u1ed1n g\u00f3p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty. Khi b\u1ea1n mua c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n<h3>B. L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu<\/h3>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ebfm l\u1eddi t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c mua b\u00e1n c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u00f2n cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n tham gia v\u00e0o quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty, nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n tham gia chia c\u1ed5 t\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<h3>C. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu th\u01b0\u1eddng (common stock): \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh lo\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu n\u00e0y. C\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu th\u01b0\u1eddng mang l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n nh\u1eadn l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn.<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i (preferred stock): Lo\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean nh\u1eadn l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft so v\u1edbi c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu th\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu<\/h2>\n<h3>A. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu<\/h3>\n<p>C\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 IPO (Initial Public Offering). Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh IPO, c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ebd ch\u00e0o b\u00e1n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n. Nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ty th\u00f4ng qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h3>B. Quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n<p>Khi b\u1ea1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng, quy\u1ec1n nh\u1eadn c\u1ed5 t\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n mua th\u00eam c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty.<\/p>\n<h3>C. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n<\/h3>\n<p>C\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua b\u00e1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c s\u00e0n giao d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n. Nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ty th\u00f4ng qua s\u00e0n giao d\u1ecbch. Gi\u00e1 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc gi\u1eefa ngu\u1ed3n cung v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea7u tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h2>FAQ v\u1ec1 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu<\/h2>\n<h3>A. C\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>C\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u1ed1n g\u00f3p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty. Khi b\u1ea1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu, b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h3>B. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 mua c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu?<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 mua c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1edf t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng ty ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ec7nh mua c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng qua giao d\u1ecbch tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/p>\n<h3>C. C\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf chung.<\/p>\n<h3>D. C\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft<\/h3>\n<p>C\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu th\u01b0\u1eddng mang l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft cho c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng. Quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty, nh\u01b0 b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n. Hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1c, h\u00e3y truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o <a href=\"https:\/\/kituaz.com\/blog\/chia-se\/\">chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c chia s\u1ebb<\/a> c\u1ee7a KituAZ Blog.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u k\u1ef9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. <a href=\"https:\/\/kituaz.com\/blog\/2017-la-nam-con-gi\/\">2017 l\u00e0 n\u0103m con g\u00ec?<\/a> C\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/kituaz.com\/blog\/co-tuc-la-gi\/\">c\u1ed5 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kituaz.com\/blog\/bonus-la-gi\/\">bonus l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a>, v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/kituaz.com\/blog\/dan-chu-la-gi\/\">d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<p>KituAZ Blog hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch t\u1eeb b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1eebng qu\u00ean theo d\u00f5i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u00eam ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tin t\u1ee9c m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-right kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;right&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;4346&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;C\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 g\u00ec: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div 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class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 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